| LC control no. | sh 85122960 |
|---|---|
| LC classification | QL391.S5 Zoology |
| Topical heading | Sipuncula |
| Variant(s) | Gephyrea Peanut worms Shore worms Sipunculan worms Sipunculans Sipunculid worms Sipunculida Sipunculids Sipunculoidea Star worms |
| See also | Bilateria Marine invertebrates Worms |
| Found in | Gibbs, P.E. Sipunculans, 2001: p. 1 (phylum Sipuncula, a small but distinct group of vermiform animals; exclusively marine) ITIS, Jan. 9, 2017 (Sipuncula. Taxonomic rank: Phylum. Synonym: Sipunculoidea. Common names: peanut worms; shore worms; sipunculan worms; sipunculans. Superphylum Lophozoa, Infrakingdom Protostomia, Subkingdom Bilateria, Kingdom Animalia) NCBI taxonomy browser, Jan. 9, 2017 (Sipuncula (peanut worms). Rank: subclass. Common names: sipunculids; peanut worm. Lineage: cellular organisms; superkingdom Eukaryota; [no rank] Opisthokonta; kingdom Metazoa; [no rank] Eumetazoa; [no rank] Bilateria; [no rank] Protostomia; [no rank] Lophotrochozoa; phylum Annelida; class Polychaeta) Encyclopedia of life website, Jan. 9, 2017 (Sipuncula; Peanut Worms. Sipuncula are marine invertebrate worms commonly known as peanut worms (or star worms); This group has been ranked at differing taxonomic levels such as family, order, class or phylum. Phylum status for this group was established only in the middle of the 20th century and the current name, Sipuncula, was proposed by Stephen (1964) and restated by Stephen and Edmonds (1972). More recently, molecular phylogenetic studies have provided strong evidence that sipunculans are either within, or closely related to, annelids) Introduction to Sipuncula, via UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology website, Jan. 9, 2017 (These animals, which are commonly called "peanut worms" because some have the general shape of shelled peanuts; Sipunculans are sometimes thought to be a group of annelids, and have been classified within them. However, this phylogenetic hypothesis is contradicted by comparing the anatomy of annelids, sipunculans, and other animals. An alternative hypothesis places the sipunculans closer to the molluscs -- the snails, clams, squids, octopuses. A third hypothesis considers the characters shared by molluscs and sipunculans to be primitive characters for a larger group known as the Trochozoa, which also includes the annelids) Wikipedia, Jan. 9, 2017 (The Sipuncula or Sipunculida (common names sipunculid worms or peanut worms) is a group containing 144--320 species (estimates vary) of bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented marine worms. Traditionally considered a phylum, they might be a subgroup of phylum Annelida based on recent molecular work; sipunculids; sipunculans; The phylogenetic placement of this phylum in the past has proved troublesome. Originally classified as annelids, despite the complete lack of segmentation, bristles and other annelid characters, the phylum Sipuncula was later allied with the Mollusca, mostly on the basis of developmental and larval characters. Currently these two phyla have been included in a larger group, the Lophotrochozoa, that also includes the annelids, the ribbon worms and several other phyla. Phylogenetic analyses based on 79 ribosomal proteins indicated a position of Sipuncula within Annelida) |
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