03694ckm a22004577a 4500 19434402 20250607073657.9 kd co cr ||||||||||| 170109s1977 mdunnn kneng 19434402 p cbc orignew u ncip 20 y-printpho qw44 2017-01n 2017645120 LC-DIG-ppmsca-51143 DLC (digital file from original drawing) DLC eng dcrmg DLC Unprocessed in PR 13 CN 1977:201.7 [item] Brodie, Howard, 1915-2010, artist. Baltimore busing court [graphic]. [Place not identified] : [Publisher not identified], [1977 August 19] 1 drawing on white paper : inpriomia color crayon ; sheet 45.8 x 61 cm. still image sti rdacontent unmediated n rdamedia sheet nb rdacarrier Caption label from exhibit Drawing Justice: En Banc Appellate Court Hearing. From 1973 to 1975 the city of Baltimore and the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) negotiated the desegregation of schools. In reaction to the slow pace, the federal government threatened to suspend aid to the city's schools in 1975. During this time, discussions between HEW and the state of Maryland on integrating higher education had also stalemated. In 1976 Baltimore and the state of Maryland filed separate actions against HEW in Federal district court. The cases were joined when HEW appealed the matter to the U.S. Fourth Circuit Court in Richmond, Virginia. The Fourth Circuit heard the case "en banc," meaning all seven judges attended, Mayor and City of Baltimore v. Mathews, 562 F.2d 914, (1977). Only six are shown in the drawing because Judge James Braxton Craven, Jr., died before the opinion was issued. A footnote in the court's decision states he had concurred with the majority opinion, which found the state was entitled to proceed with the action, but the city was not. Title from item. Served by appointment (Unprocessed). To make a request, see "Access to Unprocessed Materials," http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/info/022_unpr.html Drawing shows six of the seven judges of the U.S. Fourth District Court in Richmond, Virginia, hearing the appeal of Mayor & City Council of Baltimore v. Mathews in a school desegregation case. The seven judges on the Fourth Circuit were: Donald Stuart Russell (1906-1998), James Braxton Craven, Jr. (1918-1977), John Decker Butzner, Jr. (1917-2006), Harrison Lee Winter (1921-1990), Hiram Emory Widener, Jr. (1923-2007), Clement Furman Haynesworth, Jr. (1912-1989), Kenneth Keller Hall (1918-1999). Publication may be restricted. For information see "Howard Brodie (1915-2010) Rights and Restrictions Information," http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/435_brod.html Gift; Howard Brodie; (DLC/PP-1977:201.7) Exhibited: "Drawing Justice" at the Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building, Washington, D.C., April - October 2017. Judges Virginia Richmond 1970-1980. lctgm School integration Maryland Baltimore 1970-1980. lctgm Courtroom sketches Color 1970-1980. gmgpc Drawings Color 1970-1980. gmgpc Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA dcu http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print digital file from original drawing ppmsca 51143 p http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.51143 C2, F2 pp/cph pp/exh L5096 #094.00.00 c-P&P