Pavlovskii, Innokentii Ignat'evich, born approximately 1855, photographer. collectionstill image Dui : [publisher not identified], 1880-1899. zxx Sakhalin Island was used by imperial Russia as a penal colony and place of exile for criminals and political prisoners. Between 1869 and 1906, more than 30,000 inmates and exiles endured the harsh conditions of the forced-labor colony on the island. This album, from the collections of the National Library of Russia, contains photographs taken in the 1890s that provide rare glimpses of Sakhalin's settlements and prisons and the prisoners, exiles, and guards who inhabited the island. The photographs show convicts working and prisoners in leg manacles or with partially shorn hair, most likely administered as punishment for attempts at escape. The album also contains photographs of Ainu people, the indigenous people of the island who also live on the Kurile Islands and in Hokkaido, northern Japan, and of Tungus, another indigenous people settled in eastern Siberia and on Sakhalin Island. The photographer who made the album is believed to have been Innokentii Ignat'evich Pavlovskii (born 1855), the manager of the telegraph station at Dui. Anton Chekhov, the Russian writer and medical doctor, spent three months on Sakhalin in 1890, where he extensively researched the plight of the prisoners and the native population. The publication of his Sakhalin Island in 1895 highlighted the depravity of the situation in this remote corner of Russia and led to public protests that helped bring about the closure of the penal colony. Attributed to Innokentii Ignat'evich Pavlovskii. Alʹbom kollekt︠s︡ionerskiĭ. Na oborote kazhdogo lista - nazvanii︠a︡ (avtografy chernilami). Polistnye opisanii︠a︡: sahalin.doc. V alʹbome predstavleny vidy o. Sakhalin, naselennye punkty, razlichnye tipy naselenii︠a︡, kak korennogo, tak i poselent︠s︡ev. Sredi poslednikh osobenno interesny izobrazhenii︠a︡ ssylʹno-katorzhnykh i vidy mestnosteĭ, svi︠a︡zannykh s ikh rabotoĭ i prozhivaniem: poseleniĭ (Derbinskoe, Rykovskoe, Mit︠s︡ulevskoe), postov (Aleksandrovskiĭ, Duĭ (Duė), Korsakovskiĭ), ti︠u︡rem, katorzhnykh rabot i pr. Predpolagaemyĭ avtor fotografiĭ - Innokentiĭ Ignatʹevich Pavlovskiĭ (1855 - ?), zavedui︠u︡shchiĭ Duĭskoĭ telegrafnoĭ stant︠s︡ieĭ na o. Sakhalin. National Library of Russia Photographic prints - - 1880-1890 Group portraits - - 1880-1890 Prisoners - - Russia (Federation) - - Sakhalin - - 1880-1890 Villages - - Russia (Federation) - - Sakhalin - - 1880-1890 Prisons - - Russia (Federation) - - Sakhalin - - 1880-1890 Ainu Evenki (Asian people) Indigenous peoples Political prisoners Portraits Prisoners Prisons Siberia Russian Federation Sakhalin Oblast Sakhalin Views and Inhabitants of Sakhalin Island https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.ndlpcoop/mtfxtx.na0003