Manwaring, Max G. Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute. text eng This monograph explores the complex protean character and hegemonic role of gangs operating as state and nonstate surrogates in the contemporary asymmetric and irregular global security arena. Gangs come in different types with different motives, and with different modes of action. Examples include Venezuela's institutionalized "popular militias," Colombia's devolving paramilitary criminal or warrior bands (bandas criminales), and al-Qaeda's loosely organized networks of propaganda-agitator gangs operating in Spain and elsewhere in Western Europe. "May 2009." Includes bibliographical references (pages 56-71). Description based on print version record; resource not viewed. Counterinsurgency. Gangs--Europe, Western. Gangs--South America. Political stability. Sovereignty. State and nonstate associated gangs https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/gdcebookspublic.2023692697 URN:ISBN: URN:ISBN: This is non-restricted, fully open content that may be accessed on and off of the Library of Congress campus, with no restrictions, by an unlimited number of users