Carlo Palanca; Castel three dimensional object flutes aat zxx Views included in pictures of instrument: front view of recorder; back view of recorder There are aspects of this instrument which are not typical. First, from the markings it would seem to be a combination of two instruments. The actual make-up and craftsmen in the two shops is not well known. Although the wood appears to be boxwood uniformly stained brown, the head joint seems to be from a different wood supply than that of the body and foot joints. The head and foot joint socket and ferrule construction is most unusual. It is a well-executed, but poor design and likely an alteration. The original appears to have included the normal practice of turning (cutting away) material (boxwood) back to a shoulder to receive a fairly long ornate ferrule (ivory) glued in place. However, both have been turned a second time removing (in length) nearly a third of the ivory ferrule and replacing it with a fragile wooden ferrule (see Condition) as a spacer which is then covered with a well-made, turned silver ferrule. The silver ferrules are pronged on the interior for better retention similar to more modern woodwind instrument ferrules. The addition of the silver ferrules is not without good logic, but cutting away seemingly stable material (ivory) to apply them is a mystery. Neither socket is cracked and the apparent ferrule revisions seem not to have concerned any necessary repairs. The foot joint socket does have a knot which appears not to have needed an altered ferrule design. Perhaps the most unusual aspect is the foot joint exterior design. In place of the typical flared, false bell bottom, the foot tapers down similar to the traverso foot joint design(s) of the period, and the bottom ivory ferrule appears to be original, or period, or at least very skillfully applied if later. Instrument type: Treble (Alto) Recorder in F Materials: Boxwood, stained brown, ivory beak, ferrules, thumbhole bushing, and turned silver ferrules. 3 sections. Key Holes System: 1/7 holes. Mark Maximum: CARLO / PALANCA Mark Additional: Mark on joints 2 and 3. Mark on top: N. (reversed) / CASTEL. / (lion rampant) / N. (reversed). Block: o/y (in ink) Condition: Head joint socket wooden spacer ferrule (see Notes) broken and missing about 90 degrees. Provenance: W. Howard Head, London, 30 July 1938. Location: G04. Record created through migration from the Performing Arts Encyclopedia Database. Flute--Specimens. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/dcmflute.1359