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    <nonSort xml:space="preserve">An </nonSort>
    <title>enterprise cost-effectiveness approach to decisionmaking</title>
    <subTitle>improving analytic support to senior defense leaders</subTitle>
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    <namePart>Mouton, Christopher A.,</namePart>
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    <namePart>Bartels, Elizabeth M.,</namePart>
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    <namePart>Frank, Aaron B.,</namePart>
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    <namePart>Godges, John,</namePart>
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  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Grissom, Adam,</namePart>
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  <name type="corporate">
    <namePart>United States.</namePart>
    <namePart>Department of the Air Force</namePart>
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  <name type="corporate">
    <namePart>Project AIR FORCE (U.S.).</namePart>
    <namePart>Strategy and Doctrine Program</namePart>
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    <namePart>Rand Corporation</namePart>
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  <abstract type="Summary">Cost-per-effect analysis aims to improve decisionmaking through an enterprise-wide approach to cost-effectiveness. Such an approach would allow decisionmakers to compare alternatives not just within a single mission area or facet but also across an entire enterprise. Promising advancements in defense planning will most likely be realized through deliberate and incremental improvements in current cost-effectiveness techniques. Cost-per-effect is cost-effectiveness with a broader, or joint, focus that supports higher-level decisionmaking. The authors show how the Department of the Air Force (DAF) can begin to implement cost-per-effect analysis by following the analytic framework for measuring cost-per-effect proposed in this report. This framework consists of five interrelated measurements: effects, costs, campaigns, trade-offs, and optimization. The authors also show how the DAF, with its joint partners, could follow the programmatic framework of processes, proposed in this report, for implementing enterprise cost-effectiveness analysis. These processes adopt the Plan-Do-Check-Act approach to incorporate continuous improvement. Drawing from subject-matter expertise and findings from the literature analysis and a tabletop exercise, the authors highlight several key insights about the ongoing defense analytic problem and its enduring challenges, including the analytic complexity of defense planning, the analytic complexity of cost estimation, the analytic complexity of effectiveness estimation, and the limitations of modeling and analysis. They conclude by offering next steps to contribute to discussions about possibly implementing cost-per-effect analysis into defense planning and improving the defense planning process.</abstract>
  <tableOfContents type="Contents">Chapter One: Introduction -- Chapter Two: The Defense Analytic Problem and Enduring Challenges -- Chapter Three: Frameworks for Measuring and Implementing Enterprise Cost-Effectiveness -- Chapter Four: Enterprise Cost-Effectiveness Tabletop Exercise -- Chapter Five: Findings, Recommendations, and Next Steps.</tableOfContents>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Christopher A. Mouton, Elizabeth M. Bartels, Aaron B. Frank, John P. Godges, Adam R. Grissom.</note>
  <note>"Prepared for the Department of the Air Force"</note>
  <note>"RAND PROJECT AIR FORCE"</note>
  <note>Title from PDF document (viewed December 5, 2022)</note>
  <note type="bibliography">Includes bibliographical references (pages 34-38).</note>
  <note>Description based on electronic resource</note>
  <note>Description based on print version record; resource not viewed.</note>
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      <namePart>Air Force</namePart>
    </name>
    <topic>Appropriations and expenditures</topic>
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    <name type="corporate">
      <namePart>United States.</namePart>
      <namePart>Air Force</namePart>
    </name>
    <topic>Planning</topic>
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  <subject authority="lcsh">
    <name type="corporate">
      <namePart>United States.</namePart>
      <namePart>Air Force</namePart>
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    <topic>Procurement</topic>
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  <subject authority="lcsh">
    <geographic>United States</geographic>
    <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
    <topic>Cost effectiveness</topic>
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  <subject authority="lcsh">
    <geographic>United States</geographic>
    <topic>Armed Forces</topic>
    <topic>Decision making</topic>
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