The Shatz, Howard J., author Reach, Clint, author Project Air Force (U.S.) Rand Corporation. United States. Department of the Air Force. text bibliography text cau 2023 monographic Santa Monica, Calif. : RAND, Project Air Force, publisher [2023] eng

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1 online resource (viii, 73 pages) : illustrations. In this report, RAND researchers present estimates of what costs Russia is incurring as a result of its invasion of Ukraine. As of September 2022, researchers estimated military costs reached $40 billion. Full-year 2022 gross domestic product losses amounted to between $81 billion and $104 billion and full-year financial capital destruction reached $322 billion. Direct military spending may amount to almost $132 billion through 2024. Over the long term, even with a stalemated war, Russia's economy and the standard of living of its people are likely to decline. The main factor sustaining Russia's economy is the export revenue it earns from oil and gas sales. Despite these significant economic losses, RAND researchers judged these costs to be sustainable for the next several years. Chapter One: Introduction -- Chapter Two: Overall Costs -- Chapter Three: Direct Military Costs -- Chapter Four: The Mechanisms of Russian Economic Decline -- Chapter Five: A Future of Likely Decline -- Chapter Six: Postscript: The Costs of War by Late Summer 2023. This is non-restricted, fully open content that may be accessed on and off of the Library of Congress campus, with no restrictions, by an unlimited number of users Howard J. Shatz, Clint Reach. Title from PDF document (title page; viewed December 19, 2023) "Prepared for the Department of the Air Force" Also available on the Internet as a PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (pages 58-73). Description from electronic resource. Description based on print version record; resource not viewed. e-ru--- 2000-2099 Russian Invasion of Ukraine, 2022 Costs Armed Forces Appropriations and expenditures Budget Russia (Federation) Russian Invasion of Ukraine, 2022 Economic aspects International Economic Relations Military Budgets and Defense Spending Russia Ukraine Warfare and Military Operations Forces armées Crédits budgétaires et dépenses Budget Russie Armed Forces Appropriations and expenditures Budget Economic history Economic policy International economic relations Russia (Federation) Economic conditions 21st century Russia (Federation) Economic policy 21st century Russia (Federation) Foreign economic relations 21st century Russia (Federation) DK5467 330.947/0864 https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/gdcebookspublic.2024739312v1 https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/gdcebookspublic.2024739312v2 Santa Monica, Calif. : RAND, Project Air Force, [2023] 1977412688 (DLC) 2024443649 RR-A2421-1 1977412688 9781977412683 10.7249/RRA2421-1 2024739312 rda DLC 250319 20250607133048.4 24093314 Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.8 using MARC21slim2MODS3-8_XSLT1-0.xsl (Revision 1.172 20230208) eng