Şuşa (Azerbaijan)

LC control no.	n 87876123
Descriptive conventions	rda
Geographic heading	Şuşa (Azerbaijan) *Browse this term in* LC Authorities or the LC Catalog
Geographic subdivision usage	Azerbaijan--Şuşa
Variant(s)	Shushi (Azerbaijan) Shoushi (Azerbaijan) Choucha (Azerbaijan) Shusha (Azerbaijan S.S.R.) Shusha (Azerbaijan)
Found in	Khandamiryan, B. Ējer Shushii hay tʻatroni antsʻyalitsʻ ... 1978: t.p. (Shushii) Col. Lipp. gaz. of the world, 1952 (Shusha, city, central Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, Azerbaijan SSR) Webster's new geogr. dic., c1972 (Shusha, town, SW Azerbaijan S.S.R., U.S.S.R.) BGN gaz. no. 42, U.S.S.R., 1970 (Shusha, popl, 39°45ʹN 46°44ʹE) Yeghiyan, Arsen. Republic of Mountainous Karabakh, tourist map, c2004: map verso (Shoushi, town, RMK) Şuşa-Ağdam teatr, 2001. GEOnet, November 11, 2020 (Şuşa (approved); variants: Shoushi, Shusha, Shushe, Shushi, Шуша; first-order administrative division; Azerbaijan; 39° 45' 36" N, 046° 45' 00" E) Arkhitektura goroda Shushi i problemy sokhranenii︠a︡ ego istoricheskogo oblika, 1977: (Shusha is a city in Nagorno-Karabakh. It is founded by Panakh-Ali-Khan in 1751 as a fortress for protection of Karabakh Khanate. Initially the city was called Panakhabad after its founder and further was named Shusha after the nearby Shushikent settlement. The city became famous after its heroic fight against the invasion of Iranian armies in 1795. Until 1823 Shusha remained the capital of Karabakh Khanate of Azerbaijan. Since1923 it has been a regional center of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous region within the structure of Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic) Azerbaijan National Library's website, October 15, 2020: (Shusha is one of the most ancient, historical and picturesque cities of Nagorny Karabakh (Azerbaijan). It was built as a military strategic castle. It is situated 1400-1500 meters above the sea level. Shusha was founded by Panahali Khan. He was announced as a Khan after death of Nadir Shah in 1747 and decided immediately to build a strong castle with the purpose to defend Garabagh from the enemy attacks. A foundation for a new castle was put on high plateau surrounded by rocky mountains on three sides in 1750. The new buildings and palace was built by Panahali surrounded by high castle walls. The new city was called "Panahabad" in honor of Panah Shah. First Panahabad was recalled into "Shishe" after the sharp rocks surrounding the city, and later renamed into "Shusha". After the death of Panahali Khan, Ibrahim Khalil Khan (1763-1866) one of the distinguished political leaders of that time became the Khan of Garabagh. Garabagh Khanate flourished and advanced during his ruling. Both Panahali Khan and Ibrahim Khalil Khan were building Shusha according to the highest standards of ancient and Middle Age architecture. The city was divided into 17 districts/mekhelles: Beyuk Gurdlar, Kichik Gurdlar, Seidli, Dzhul'falar, Teze Mekhelle, Khama Gabagy, Demirchiler, Guilug, Khodzha Amirdzhan, Maman, Saatly, Kocharli, Merdinli, Chol Gala, Gadzhi Yusifli, Chukhur Mekhelle and Aga dedeli. They exist now. Shusha as a city was formed in three stages: The first stage took place in eventful time before 1763 and the construction was done in a rush. During that period, nine districts/mekhelles were created in the Eastern part of the city called "Chuxur". Quality of construction improved during the second stage under the ruling of Ibrahim Khalil Khan (1763-1806). The number of districts reached 17. The third stage started in XIX century. Twelve more districts/mekhelles were built. in the Western mountainous part of the city. That stage culminated in a final formation of Shusha as a city. The Western part of Shusha is situated at approximately 1800 meters above the sea level, and the Eastern part-1400 meters. Southern part of the city looks like horizontal plateau and is called "Cidir duzu". A total area of Shusha comprises 350 hectares. There was only one transport route in Shusha: Agdam-Askeran-Khojaly-Khanbagy-Aga Kerpiusiu-Shusha. That road lead to the center of the city. "Dotalab" mountain is situated in the Eastern part of the city. A flourishing Qarabakh Khanate with advanced economics became an object of worry for the neighboring khanates and Iran. At the end of June of 1975 the ruler of Iran Aga Muhammad Shah Gadjar attacked Garabagh. Ibrahim Khalil's army consisting of 15000 soldiers fought the enemy heroically. Even though Shusha was in encirclement for 33 days, Gadjar could not advance and left, and later attacked Tiflis. In spring of 1797, Aga Mahammad Shah Gadjar made a second attempt to attack Shusha. Because of betrayal of some city residents, Shusha surrendered and Gadjar entered the city. However, the ruling of Aga Mahammad Shah Gadjar lasted just one day. His own cabinet members assassinated him. For the purposes of restoring the diplomatic relations with Iran, Ibrahim Khalil Khan sent the body of Gadjar to Iran. Moreover, Ibrahim Khalil Khan's daughter Agabeim Aga married Fatali Khan of Iran. During Russian ruling Shusha kept its power and significance. However, strong Karabakh khanate did not satisfy the interests of Russia and Russian officials came up with a great solution to weaken Garabagh. They started to settle Armenians. Kurakchay agreement signed on May 4, 1805 put an end to that process. Gulistan Agreement of October 12, 1813 and Turkmenchay Agreement of February 10, 1828 continued division of Azerbaijani lands between Iran and Russia, and a policy of resettling took a broader character. During a second Russian-Iranian war more than eighteen thousand Armenian families were resettled from Iran to Azerbaijan, including Qarabakh. According to Turkmenchay Agreement, more than forty thousand Iranian and eighty four thousand Turkish Armenians were resettled in South Caucasus during two years (1828-1830). They were settled in the best lands of Irevan and Ganja provinces. In 1832, population of Garabakh was comprised of 91 % Azerbaijanis and 8,4% of Armenians. As the result of resettlement policy the percentage of Azerbaijanis decreased to 64,8% and the number of Armenians increase to 34,8%. In 1900-1915 of the population of Shusha increased from 25,6 thousand to 43,8 thousand and Shusha became the biggest city with well-developed economy and major carpet weaving center in the whole Caucasus. At the end of XIX century, there have been some attempts by the Armenian nationalistic organizations to take over Garabakh, Nakhichevan, and Zangezur. With the help of Russians the modern Armenian state was formed on the lands of Western Azerbaijan (Irevan', Daralaiaz, Zengisabar, Geicha etc.). Inspired by this generous gift, territorial claims towards Karabakh were put forward. During the Plenum of the Committee of the Republics of the Caucasus VKP(b) which took place on June 27-18 of 1923 under the pressure of S. Ordzhonikidze and ultimatum put forward by Armenian communists Shadunts and Karakozov the Central Committee of AKP (b) was tasked to give a status of autonomy to Nagorny Karabakh within a month. Azerbaijani government, in spite of the will of Azerbaijani people was forced to adopt that decision and issue a Decree about a formation of the Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous Republic. During XX century, Shusha was victimized three times. In 1905-1907 the city was invaded and burned. In 1920 the biggest part of the city was ruined. In 1992, the city was again invaded and occupied) Yaqub Mahmudov. Şuşa. Pänahabad, 2012; title page verso (The city of Shusha (Şuşa in Azri) the most ancient city with the rarest exmaples of ancient architecturе, a city-fortress was occupied by Armenian Armed forces 20 years ago. The peral of Karabakh, the cradle of Azerbaijani culture. Founded by Pänahali khan Cavanshir this city-fortress has raised many distinguished and world-renown heroes, poets, singers, composers. Along with a description of the ancient history of the city and its unique historical monuments and providing the information of the distinguished perso is representing the ancient Xocalı alities of Şuşa, the book provides the information and pictures of theose historical before and after exposure to Armenian vandalism) pages following page 9 (Shusha as a symbol of the ancient history of Azerbaijan Şuşa s representing the ancient Xocalı-Gädäbäy culture ( 2nd half of of II century - and the start of the beginning fo the I) was founded on the ancient lands including Şuşa mağarası situated on Cidır Düzü (on the mountain of Üc̜mıx) which were considered the origins of ancient civilization ... in the middle of XVIII century when the independent khanates were being founded in Azerbaijan, Şuşa entered a new phase of development. The famous political and military leader, Qarabağ khan Pänahali khan Cavanshir turned Şuşa which was foiunded in 1750 into strong fortressand named it Pänahaliabad. The capital of Qarabağ khanate was moved to Pänahaliabad-Şuşa. World Digest: Nov. 8, 2020 - The Washington Post, November 13, 2020: (Azerbaijani forces have taken control of the strategically key city of Shushi in Nagorno-Karabakh where fighting with Armenia has raged for more than a month, the country's president said Sunday. In a televised address to the nation, President Ilham Aliyev said "Shusha is ours--Karabakh is ours," using the Azerbaijani version of the city's name ... Nagorno-Karabakh is within Azerbaijan, but has been under the control of local ethnic Armenian forces backed by Armenia since 1994. The latest outbreak of fighting started on Sept. 27 and has left hundreds--if not thousands--dead) Choucha, 2023. Şuşa, 2022 : page 8 (On the 8th of November, the day when Shusha was liberarted from occupation, the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Mr. Ilham Aliyev shared this good news with the Azerbaijani people in his message to the nation in the Alley of Martyrs, spreading a great deal of happiness and pride among them. The reconstruction of infrastructure and restoration works on historical and cultural monuments have started right after the Azerbaijani Army's triumph in Shusha ... The foundation of Shusha, one of the most magnificient cities of Azerbaijan in terms of architecture and urban planning, is tied up with the name of the founder of Karabakh khanate, Panahali khan Javanshir. He decided to build a city-fortress in a strategically strong and impassable place, since the strongholds he built earlier, namely, Bayat (1748) and Shahbulag (1751/52) Castles, did not fully meet a defence requirements of the time. Upon his intructions, the construction of a new city-fortress began in 1752, on an accessible mountain plateu located at an altitude of 1,300-1,600 meters above sea level ... Shusha fascinates with its historical and cultural heritage. The combination of the magnificient natural environment with urban planning, the compatibility of defence and military fortification architecture with the natural surroundings are the features that shape the city's authenticity ... The present publication reflects the pre-occupation state of the enlisted immovable historical historical and cultural monuments of Shusha and the destruction they underwent during the years of the occupation. The publication includes photographs of monuments of different time periods, including location maps, archival materials, and other relevant information).
Geographic area code	a-aj---