| LC control no. | no 00037057 |
|---|---|
| Descriptive conventions | rda |
| Personal name heading | Ospina, Pedro Nel, 1858-1927 |
| Variant(s) | Ospina Vásquez, Pedro Nel Ignacio Tomás de Villanueva, 1858-1927 Vásquez, Pedro Nel Ignacio Tomás de Villanueva Ospina, 1858-1927 Ospina Vázquez, Pedro Nel Ignacio Tomás de Villanueva, 1858-1927 Vázquez, Pedro Nel Ignacio Tomás de Villanueva Ospina, 1858-1927 |
| See also | Colombia. President (1922-1926 : Ospina Vásquez) |
| Associated country | Guatemala |
| Associated place | Berkeley (Calif.) Freiburg/Elbe (Germany) Washington (D.C.) Brussels (Belgium) Amsterdam (Netherlands) |
| Address | info@fundmarianoospinaperez.org |
| Birth date | 1858-09-18 |
| Death date | 1927-07-01 |
| Place of birth | Bogotá (Colombia) |
| Place of death | Medellín (Colombia) |
| Field of activity | Colombia--History--Civil War, 1876-1877 Colombia--History--Revolution, 1899-1903 |
| Affiliation | Partido Conservador (Colombia) Escuela Nacional de Minas (Colombia) Colombia. Congreso. Cámara de Representantes Universidad de Antioquia Escuela Nacional de Minas (Colombia) Ferrería de Amagá Antioquia (Colombia : Department). Asamblea Departamental Antioquia (Colombia : Department). Governor Colombia. Embajada (Belgium) Colombia. Embajada (Netherlands) Colombia. Embajada (U.S.) Colegio de Santo Tomás (Colombia) Compañía de Instalaciones Eléctricas Sociedad Filapolita |
| Profession or occupation | President Ambassador Congressman Senator Columnist |
| Special note | Son of: Ospina Rodríguez, Mariano, 1805-1885 (n 85353322) Father of: Ospina Vásquez, Luis (n 81013958) Nephew of: Ospina, Pastor, 1809-1873 (no2014129278) Brother of: Ospina, Tulio, 1857-1921 (n 87832764) Uncle of: Ospina Pérez, Mariano, 1891-1976 (n 83066885) Uncle (by marriage) of: Hernández de Ospina, Bertha (n 50049654) Great-uncle of: Ospina H., Mariano (Ospina Hernández), 1927-2018 (n 85805385) Great-uncle of: Ospina, María Clara (no 99033662) Great-uncle (by marriage) of: Duque de Ospina, Olga (n 95088763) Great-great uncle of: Ospina Duque, Ximena (n 2023046379) Great-great uncle of: Ospina Duque, Bertha Olga (no2018062327) Great-great uncle of: Ospina Duque, Diego Darío (n 2023044973) Some sources have his apellido materno as Vázquez and others as Vásquez. |
| Found in | Replica al folleto titulado Pleito Ribón-Ospina, 1919: t.p. (Pedro Nel Ospina) OCLC, May 24, 2000 (hdg.: Ospina, Pedro Nel, 1858-1927) Presidencia de la Republica (Colombia) website, August 30, 2023: (Pedro Nel Ospina; Pedro Nel Ignacio Tomás de Villanueva Ospina Vázquez; born September 18, 1858 in Bogotá; died July 1, 1927 in Medellín; son of the third marriage of Mariano Ospina Rodríguez (president of Colombia (1857-1861)) and Enriqueta Vázquez Jaramillo; president of Colombia (1922-1926); brothers were Tulio and Mariano Ospina Vásquez; his family lived in Guatemala (1861-1871); he studied literature and later medicine at the Universidad de Antioquia until he fought in the civil war in 1876; in 1877 he went with his brother Tulio to the United States where he graduated with a degree in mining engineering from the University of California in Berkeley, California; he then traveled to Europe to further his studies and to become familiar with industrial advancements including at the silver mines in Freiberg, Germany and the Institute of Analytic Chemistry (Paris); in 1882 he returned to Colombia and spent time doing business in land and mining; he opened a foundation in Medellín with his brother Tulio; during the civil war of 1885 he was head of the Estado Mayor of the Cuarta División; was an English teacher in Colegio de Santo Tomás; became a partner in the Compañía de Instalaciones Eléctricas (1886); became the rector of the Escuela de Minas de Medellín (1887) until he went to Guatemala for a year and a half; he became the manager of Ferrería de Amagá upon his return in 1894 and he taught the scientific cultivation of coffee and improved irrigation systems; he was a conservative who became a representative to the Asamblea Departamental de Antioquia (1890-1892); representative from Antioquia to the Cámara de Representantes (1892-1896; 1913-); member of the literary society El Liceo Antioqueño; editor of El Deber of the Sociedad Filapolita; wrote article on economics and politics for the newspapers La Voz de Antioquia, La Justicia, and El Constitucional; wrote poetry and other literary works for El Montañés in 1899; fought in the Guerra de los Mil Días and was detained on July 31, 1901; he lived in exile in Mexico, the United States, and Europe until he returned to Colombia in 1902; after his returned he was one of the founders of the Fábrica de Tejidos de Bello; was a member of the commission of the Colombian government about the separation of Panama from Colombia with the government of the United States in 1903; senator (1903-1910); ambassador to the United States, Belgium, and the Netherlands (1910-1913); governor of Antioquia (1918-1920); founder of the Banco Agrícola Hipotecario during his presidency; wife was his first cousin Carolina Vásquez Uribe and their children were Pedro Nel Ospina Vásquez, Luis Ospina Vásquez, Manuel Ospina Vásquez, and Elena Ospina Vásquez) <http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_45.html> Diccionario biográfico de antioqueños, 2008: page 531, etc. (Pedro Nel Ospina Vásquez; pseudonyms: M. Julio Balseñor, Pío San, Rob Roy, and Servíbilis; born September 18, 1858 in Bogotá; died July 1, 1927 in Medellín; born in the Palacio de San Carlos when his father General Mariano Ospina Rodríguez was president of Nueva Granada [current day Colombia] and his third wife Enriqueta Vásquez Jaramillo (daughter of Pedro Vásquez de la Calle and María Antonia Jaramillo Soto); studied in what is today the Universidad de Antioquia and finished his studies in engineering at the University of Berkeley, California in 1879; he later studied about textiles in England; directed the Ferrería de Amaga for three years; manager of Cervecería Antioqueña; became rector of the Escuela de Minas in 1887; fought in the Guerras Civiles of the latter 19th centuries; general in the Guerra de los Mil Días; legislator in the Asamblea Nacional of 1910; ambassador in Washington and Belgium; wrote for the newspapers El Deber and La Opinión; governor of Antioquia (1918-1920); president of Colombia (1922-1926); wife was Carolina Vásquez Uribe, daughter of Eduardo Vásquez Jaramillo and Elena Uribe Uribe; his brother Tulio Ospina Vásquez is listed as the author of Replica al folleto titulado Pleito Ribón-Ospina (1919)) <https://www.ramhg.es/images/stories/pdf/genealogia-articulos/diccionario-de-antioquenos.pdf> Ospina Coffee website, December 4, 2023: (Mariano Ospina Rodriguez; one of Colombia's earliest and most profoundly influential coffee pioneers and began his quest in 1835 seeking the best lands for growing coffee within the lush mountains of the province of Antioquia; he established his first coffee plantation on the volcanic slopes of Fredonia, where he pursued coffee growing with a scientific approach; as a result of Mariano's careful investigations and studies, Colombia began producing some of the best coffees in the world; a political leader and statesman, Mariano was one of the founders of the Partido Conservador of Colombia; he became a senator in 1849 and was elected President of Colombia in 1857; after his presidency, he expanded his coffee enterprise to Guatemala in 1865, and in so doing became one of the first coffee growers in Central America; with his vast knowledge and experience in the cultivation of coffee, he devoted himself to promoting and teaching the growing of coffee to the farmers and peasants of Colombia; in 1880 he published his first textbook about efficient and effective coffee growing techniques; his passion and labor facilitated the development of coffee into Colombia's main export crop, forever transforming its economy; Pedro Nel Ospina Vásquez (Mariano's son) furthered the Ospina family tradition and worked arduously to improve and expand the coffee plantations; in 1910 he was appointed ambassador of Colombia to the United States; in 1922 he was elected as the country's 36th President; Mariano Ospina Vasquez (brother of Pedro Nel) was the president of the First National Committee of Coffee Growers whose job it is to enforce the programs and policies set forth by the National Congress of Coffee growers; in 1920, the First National Congress of Coffee Growers convened in Bogotá, presided over by Epifanio Montoya, Alfredo Vasquez Cobo, and Tulio Ospina Vásquez (son of Mariano Ospina Rodríguez and brother of Pedro Nel Ospina Vásquez); this Congress laid the foundation for the organization of the coffee growers of Colombia; the Second National Congress of Coffee Growers convened in Medellin in 1927; Rafael Ospina Pérez and Mariano Ospina Pérez (sons of Tulio Ospina Vásquez) were among the representatives of the province of Antioquia; as a result of this Congress, the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia was created, with Mariano Ospina Perez as one of its founders; he was elected director of the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia from 1930 to 1934; his main objective was to assist, finance, and educate the coffee growers while implementing an aggressive program to expand Colombia's world market share; to that end, he created a financial institution (Caja Agraria) to help meet the credit needs of coffee growers, and other small farmers and peasants; under Mariano Ospina Perez' aegis, the Federation successfully consolidated the nation's coffee industry and promoted it in the world markets to great effect; Colombia became the largest producer of prime Arabica coffee in the world; Mariano Ospina Pérez was elected the 43rd President of Colombia in 1946; during his administration, Colombia reached the highest level of coffee exports as a percentage of the GNP; Mariano Ospina Hernández, the eldest of the Ospinas' fourth generation, has also been very involved in Colombia's politics and the coffee industry; he holds master's degrees in business administration (MIT), city planning (Harvard), and biology (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota); in 1970, he was elected senator and served for twelve years; in 1979 he was appointed as Colombian ambassador to West Germany, where he actively promoted Colombian coffee commerce and trade, and the conservation of South America's natural resources; upon returning to Colombia from Germany, he was appointed as president of La Caja Agraria, the nation's largest financial institution (at that time) and main source of financing for coffee growers and farmers; he now heads the Mariano Ospina Pérez Foundation, established primarily to preserve the legacy of former President Ospina in his vision of social justice, labor protection, and for the assistance of Colombia's farmers and coffee growers; Mariano Ospina III (the eldest of the Ospinas' fifth generation), is the founder, president, and CEO of Ospina Coffee International Company; he left Colombia for the United States in 1980; like his grandfather Mariano Ospina Perez and father Mariano Ospina Hernández, he initially arrived to pursue a graduate degree in business and public administration; although he was born in Bogotá, Colombia, he was raised in Medellín, where his grandfather Mariano Ospina Perez had several of his coffee plantations; as he completed his formal high school and college education, he simultaneously grew familiar with the coffee industry and the family business; his ancestors had long engaged primarily in the growing, processing and wholesale of coffee beans; Mariano Ospina III envisioned a move into the branding, export and global distribution of Ospina Coffee worldwide and began laying the groundwork for a new facet of the family's coffee business; since 1980 Mariano implemented a successful plan to move the Ospina Coffee Company into a new dimension of business, the global expansion of the family's coffee business and to promote, distribute and sell Ospina Coffee worldwide; OspinaCoffee@ospinacoffee.com) <https://www.ospinacoffee.com/readfullhistory.html> <https://www.ospinacoffee.com/readfullhistory-1-1-1/index.html> Fundación Mariano Ospina Pérez website, December 18, 2023: (info@fundmarianoospinaperez.org; located in Bogotá; founded by members of President Mariano Ospina Pérez on July 8, 1976) <https://www.fundmarianoospinaperez.org/la-fundacion/&hl=en&gl=us> |
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